Second, BEVs cost less to maintain, owing to the relative elegance and simplicity of a battery-electric motor system compared with the frequent maintenance required for operation of an internal combustion system. First, the electricity cost associated with operating a BEV over a distance of one mile is significantly lower than the gasoline cost required to operate a comparable ICEV over the same distance. From an economic perspective, BEVs enjoy some distinct advantages. We also forecast how BEV and ICEV technology will evolve over the coming decade and we leveraged this information to model the 2025 TCO, GWP, and Secondary Environmental Impacts for BEVs and ICEVs.īased on our study, the ultimate environmental and economic reality of electric vehicles is far more complicated than their promise. We constructed models that calculate the 2015 Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), Global Warming Potential (GWP), and Secondary Environmental Impacts (e.g., Human Toxicity Potential characterized as Disability Adjusted Life Years lost) for BEVs and ICEVs. We evaluated the impacts associated with each component of the vehicle, from the novel technologies and chemistries involved in battery production to the In-Use energy requirements (i.e., gasoline and electricity, from well-to-wheels) necessary to power a vehicle. Our study investigated every stage of the vehicle’s lifecycle, from R&D and production, including sourcing of raw materials, through ownership and end-of-life disposal. In order to determine the true cost and environmental impacts from BEVs, we performed a comprehensive quantitative analysis excluding any government incentives or subsidies. Given that this is a rapidly evolving market, our study also forecasts the economic and environmental impacts that new BEVs and ICEVs will have in 2025, taking into account salient expected developments in battery technology, vehicle range, and fuel economy standards. This study models the relative impacts of new BEVs and ICEVs in the United States for the latest full calendar year for which data is available, 2015, and it projects the economic and environmental impacts of BEVs and ICEVs over the entire assumed twenty-year lifetime for a US passenger vehicle. Little conducted a total lifecycle economic cost and environmental impact analysis of Lithium-ion battery electric vehicles (BEVs) versus internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to further understand BEVs and their transformative potential. However, the question remains: “Do BEVs truly offer an environmental advantage with respect to global warming potential and secondary environmental impacts – and if so, at what cost?” Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) do not consume gasoline or produce tailpipe carbon emissions, placing the promise of an environmentally sustainable driving experience within reach of the average consumer.
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